Morphotypes of the apical constriction of maxillary molars: a micro-computed tomographic evaluation
Chang Jeffrey Wen-Wei, Manigandan Kuzhanchinathan, Samaranayake Lakshman, NandhaKumar Chellapandian, AdhityaVasun Pazhamalai, Diji Johny, PradeepKumar Angambakkam Rajasekharan,
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( Chang Jeffrey Wen-Wei ) - University of Hong Kong Faculty of Dentistry
( Manigandan Kuzhanchinathan ) - Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
( Samaranayake Lakshman ) - University of Hong Kong Faculty of Dentistry
( NandhaKumar Chellapandian ) - SRM University SRM Dental College Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
( AdhityaVasun Pazhamalai ) - Adhish Multispeciality Dental Clinic
( Diji Johny ) - Adhish Multispeciality Dental Clinic
( PradeepKumar Angambakkam Rajasekharan ) - Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute hai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical constriction (AC) and apical canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
Materials and Methods: The anatomical features of 313 root canals from 41 maxillary first molars and 57 maxillary second molars of patients with known age and sex were evaluated using micro-CT, with a resolution of 26.7 μm. The factors evaluated were the presence or absence of AC, the morphotypes, bucco-lingual dimension, mesio-distal dimension, and the profile (shape) of AC and the apical root canal. The apical root canal dimensions, location of the apical foramen (AF), AC to AF distance, and presence of accessory canals in the apical 5 mm were also assessed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data evaluation.
Results: AC was present in all 313 root canals. Patients’ age and sex did not significantly impact either AC or the apical canal dimensions. The most common AC morphotype detected was the traditional (single) constriction (52%), followed by the parallel (29%) morphotype. The mean AC dimensions in maxillary first molars were not significantly different from those in maxillary second molars. Sixty percent of AF were located within 0.5 mm from the anatomic apex.
Conclusions: The most common morphotype of AC detected was the traditional constriction. Neither patients’ age nor sex had a significant impact on the dimensions of the AC or the apical root canal. The majority of AF (60%) were located within 0.5 mm from the anatomic apex.
키워드
Apical constriction; Canal dimension; Maxillary molars; Micro-computed tomography
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